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Persistent infection and vascular disease: a systematic review
1Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, UK. john.danesh@balliol.ox.ac.uk
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
|July 5, 2005
Summary
Persistent infections, including Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae, are linked to vascular disease. Further research is needed to confirm these associations and explore potential mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology
- Infectious Disease Research
- Pathology
Background:
- Over 150 studies suggest links between vascular disease and persistent infections.
- Conditions like periodontal disease are also associated with persistent infections and vascular issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review studies on the association between vascular disease and persistent infectious agents.
- To examine potential mechanisms linking infections like H. pylori, C. pneumoniae, dental disease, and CMV to vascular conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological and clinical studies.
- Analysis of associations with specific pathogens (H. pylori, C. pneumoniae, CMV) and dental disease.
- Exploration of proposed etiological mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Associations between coronary heart disease and H. pylori or dental disease may be due to confounding.
- Chlamydia pneumoniae markers are more prevalent in atherosclerotic plaques, but causality is unclear.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been studied in limited patient cohorts with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease.
Conclusions:
- Uncertainty remains regarding the causal role of infectious agents in vascular disease.
- Larger seroepidemiological and pathology-based studies are required.
- Future large-scale intervention studies are necessary to resolve these uncertainties.
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