Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.

Empathy

Empathy

Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.

Reaction Mechanisms

Reaction Mechanisms

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Robust evidence for theta-band rhythmicity in behavior across two dense-sampling datasets.

Communications psychology·2026

Same author

Information compression trumps accuracy when viewing groups of faces.

Consciousness and cognition·2026

Same author

Numerical precision or inhibitory control? Exploring latent profiles in preschoolers' numerosity judgments.

Acta psychologica·2026

Same author

Citizen science in psychology: Challenges, opportunities, and recommendations.

Behavior research methods·2026

Same author

Adaptive variability in humans, pigeons, and rats.

Psychological review·2026

Same author

The role of verbal working memory load on number order processing: Evidence from an articulatory suppression paradigm.

Acta psychologica·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

Published on: May 31, 2018

How to trigger elaborate processing? A comment on Kunde, Kiesel, and Hoffmann (2003).

Filip Van Opstal¹, Bert Reynvoet, Tom Verguts

¹Department of Psychology, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium.

|July 5, 2005

Summary

Unconscious stimuli processing is influenced by mask complexity. Less demanding masks allow for elaborate processing, while increased mask relevance reduces priming effects, impacting unconscious cognition.

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

Published on: May 31, 2018

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Cognition

Background:

The processing of unconscious numerical stimuli has been debated, with 'elaborate processing' and 'evolving automaticity' theories offering competing explanations.
Kunde et al. (2003) utilized a masked priming paradigm to suggest neither theory fully explains unconscious numerical stimulus processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of mask characteristics in unconscious stimulus processing.
To test whether 'elaborate processing' can explain priming effects under specific masking conditions.
To examine the influence of mask relevance on priming effects and conscious awareness.

Main Methods:

Replication of Kunde et al. (2003) Experiment 4 using a less demanding mask.
A second experiment manipulating the relevance of mask symbols.
Utilized a masked priming paradigm to assess unconscious processing.

Main Results:

A less demanding mask facilitated 'elaborate processing' of unconscious stimuli, explaining priming results.
Increased relevance of mask symbols led to a decreased priming effect.
Conscious awareness of the prime remained unaffected despite changes in the priming effect.

Conclusions:

Mask characteristics significantly modulate the processing of unconscious stimuli.
'Elaborate processing' can account for unconscious numerical stimulus processing under specific masking conditions.
Mask relevance inversely affects priming, independent of conscious awareness.