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Related Experiment Videos

Assisted reproduction: the epigenetic perspective.

Bernhard Horsthemke1, Michael Ludwig

  • 1Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany. b.horsthemke@uni-essen.de

Human Reproduction Update
|July 5, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Assisted reproduction technology (ART) bypasses biological filters, but epigenetic mechanisms explain normal and abnormal development in conceived children. Environmental and genetic factors can disrupt these epigenetic processes, impacting fetal growth and development.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Developmental pathways possess buffers against genetic and environmental changes.
  • Assisted reproduction technology (ART) bypasses natural biological filters, exposing gametes and embryos to stress.
  • Despite ART, most conceived children are healthy, but abnormal development can occur.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain normal and abnormal development in ART-conceived children using epigenetic mechanisms.
  • To highlight the role of imprinted genes in ART outcomes.
  • To investigate the impact of genetic and environmental factors on epigenetic processes in ART.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on epigenetic mechanisms in human and organismal development.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of factors affecting implantation, placentation, organogenesis, and fetal growth in ART contexts.
  • Examination of the influence of genetic and environmental factors on epigenetic control.

    • Main Results:

    • Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for regulating gene expression in the placenta and fetus during ART conception.
    • Imprinted genes play a significant role in ART-related developmental outcomes.
    • Adverse effects on epigenetic processes can result from genetic factors in infertile couples and environmental factors like hormones and culture media.
    • Loss of epigenetic control may reveal previously hidden genetic variations.

    Conclusions:

    • Epigenetic mechanisms provide a framework for understanding both typical and atypical development in children conceived via ART.
    • ART-associated environmental and genetic factors can interfere with critical epigenetic processes, potentially leading to developmental abnormalities.
    • Further research into epigenetic regulation is essential for improving ART outcomes and ensuring healthy fetal development.