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Related Concept Videos

What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Polyelectrolyte Complex for Heparin Binding Domain Osteogenic Growth Factor Delivery
12:27

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Published on: August 22, 2016

Bisphosphonates in orthopaedic surgery.

Carol D Morris1, Thomas A Einhorn

  • 1Orthopaedic Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Suite A-342, New York, NY 10021, USA. morrisc@mskcc.org

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|July 5, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bisphosphonates are key antiresorptive drugs for bone diseases. While effective in adults and showing promise in children, long-term safety data is needed for comprehensive treatment guidelines.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Bone Biology
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Bisphosphonates are the primary antiresorptive agents targeting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
  • Seven bisphosphonates are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical applications of bisphosphonates in treating bone resorption diseases.
  • To assess the current understanding of bisphosphonate efficacy and safety in both adult and pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bisphosphonate applications.
  • Analysis of approved bisphosphonate agents and their indications.
  • Evaluation of safety profiles in pediatric and adult patients.

Main Results:

  • Bisphosphonates are widely used for osteoporosis, Paget disease, and metastatic bone disease in adults.
  • Pediatric use for osteogenesis imperfecta and fibrous dysplasia is increasing, with initial safety data being acceptable.
  • A significant gap exists in long-term follow-up data for bisphosphonate therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Bisphosphonates represent a critical therapeutic class for managing bone resorption disorders.
  • Further long-term studies are essential to establish robust guidelines for bisphosphonate therapy, particularly in pediatric patients.