[Molecular indicators of neoplasia in clinical diagnostics]

In normal conditions growth and cell division processes in tissues and organs are precisely regulated. On the molecular level these processes demand coordination of protooncogenes, suppressor genes, mismatch repair system genes and apoptotic genes expression. Mutations presence leads to alteration or loss of their function. In the consequence of these lesions cumulation of DNA errors cumulation and loss of cellular proliferation control take place, what leads to genome instability and promotes selection of cells clone being able to hyper-proliferate. Mutations presence in mentioned above groups of genes in high percentage had been detecting in cells of neoplasms described in this review. According to clinical observations presence of mutations in these genes influenced on the clinical course and prognosis. The aim of this review was to focus on mutations found in protooncogenes, suppressor genes, mismatch repair system and apoptotic genes, which in development of some genetically determined neoplasms, some syndromes predisposing to neoplasm development and in some sporadic neoplasms in high percentage had been detected. The presence of mutations in mentioned above groups of genes as molecular neoplasias indicators' in clinical diagnostics had been taking into account.