Contemporary assessment and management of neuropathic pain

Preclinical studies have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain at the anatomic, cellular, and molecular levels. These lines of investigation have enabled more logical uses of older therapies for neuropathic pain and have contributed to our understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying the efficacy of newer remedies. The identification of receptor systems and the development of genetically modified animal models for the study of neuropathic pain have greatly increased our understanding of effective clinical treatments. This review focuses on the central and peripheral nervous system changes believed to be important in the initiation and perpetuation of neuropathic pain. Currently used medications, as well as medications that are on the horizon, are highlighted.