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Mental contents in transfer.

Sacha Helfenstein1, Pertti Saariluoma

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland.

Psychological Research
|July 8, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that mental content, not just schematic similarity, significantly impacts problem-solving transfer. Different thought models and spatial ray representations influence judgments, highlighting the limits of schema-based transfer theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychology of Thinking
  • Human Cognition

Background:

  • Schema-based transfer theory suggests problem-solving influence depends on schematic similarity.
  • Previous models may overlook the impact of specific mental content on cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop theoretical concepts for mental content-based investigations in human thinking.
  • To specifically examine the role of mental content in problem-solving transfer.
  • To challenge the sufficiency of schema-based analysis alone.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Duncker's (1935) tumor task for a content-based investigation.
  • Experimentally assessed the influence of three thought models (additive, balancing, distribution-based).
  • Investigated two types of spatial ray images (compact vs. diverging) on mental representations.

Main Results:

  • Mental content significantly varied participants' representations and judgments of radiation confluence.
  • Differences in central tendencies showed priming effects, but group-based analysis was key.
  • Distinct participant groups emerged based on judgment types, reflecting thought models and ray image content.

Conclusions:

  • Schema-based analysis is insufficient to explain all transfer and reasoning differences.
  • Interindividual and intercontextual variations stem from distinctive mental content in apperception.
  • Mental content plays a crucial role in shaping cognitive judgments and problem-solving transfer.

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