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Oxidative stress in children with kidney disease

Elitsa Lyubomirova Pavlova1, Marusia Illieva Lilova, Varban Minkov Savov

  • 1Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 5 James Boucher Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria. elli_pavlova@abv.bg

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|July 8, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Children with kidney diseases exhibit significant oxidative stress, indicated by increased lipid peroxidation products and altered antioxidant activity in blood and urine. These markers aid in assessing disease severity and guiding antioxidant therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Biochemistry
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Kidney diseases in children, including glomerulonephritis (GN), pyelonephritis (PN), renal failure (RF), and lower urinary tract infections (LUTI), are associated with systemic physiological disturbances.
  • Oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in various pathologies, including renal disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of oxidative stress markers in the blood and urine of pediatric patients diagnosed with different kidney diseases.
  • To evaluate the potential of specific biochemical markers to reflect the severity of oxidative stress and intoxication in children with active kidney disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in blood and urine samples.
  • Measurement of urine chemiluminescence as an indicator of oxidative stress.
  • Assessment of antioxidant enzyme activity, specifically catalase, in blood and urine.
  • Determination of total antioxidant activity in urine samples.

Main Results:

  • Significantly elevated levels of conjugated dienes and TBARS were observed in the urine and blood of children across all studied kidney disease groups compared to healthy controls.
  • Urine chemiluminescence intensity was markedly increased in patients with GN, PN, RF, and LUTI.
  • A substantial decrease in catalase activity was noted in both blood and urine, while total urine antioxidant activity showed a significant induction in response to kidney disease.
  • Specific markers like lipid peroxidation products and chemiluminescence intensity correlated with clinical parameters, suggesting their utility in monitoring disease status.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric kidney diseases are characterized by pronounced oxidative stress, evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms.
  • Biochemical markers of oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation products, urine chemiluminescence, and antioxidant capacities, serve as valuable indicators for assessing the dynamics of oxidative stress and intoxication in children with active renal parenchymal disorders.
  • These findings support the potential for utilizing these markers to optimize antioxidant therapy strategies for children suffering from kidney diseases.

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