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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Seizures l: Introduction

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

Epilepsy ll: Types

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2026

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

Published on: April 9, 2014

Epileptiform EEG abnormalities in children with language regression.

K A McVicar¹, K Ballaban-Gil, I Rapin

¹Department of Neurology, The Comprehensive Epilepsy Management Center, Montefiore Medical Center, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. kmcvicar1@optonline.net

|July 13, 2005

Summary

Children experiencing language regression (LR) may have distinct subtypes. Isolated LR cases showed significantly more epileptiform abnormalities and clinical seizures on EEG monitoring compared to those with autistic regression.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Pediatric Neurology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Language regression (LR) is a concerning developmental issue in children.
Understanding the underlying causes of LR is crucial for effective intervention.
Previous research suggests potential links between LR and neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate potential differences in neurological findings between isolated language regression and language regression associated with autistic regression.
To identify distinct subtypes of language regression based on EEG monitoring results.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of medical records for 149 children diagnosed with language regression.
Overnight electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring was performed on all participants.
Comparison of epileptiform abnormalities and clinical seizure rates between different LR groups.

Main Results:

Children with isolated LR exhibited a higher frequency of epileptiform abnormalities (60%) compared to those with LR in the context of autistic regression (31%, p = 0.002).
Isolated LR cases also showed a significantly higher rate of clinical seizures (33% vs 8%, p < 0.001).
EEG abnormalities were more prominent in the isolated LR group.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest the existence of at least two distinct subtypes of language regression.
Isolated language regression appears to have a stronger association with epileptiform abnormalities and clinical seizures.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying these proposed subtypes.