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Ions as Acids and Bases

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview

Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview

Primary amines react with carbonyl compounds—aldehydes and ketones—to generate imines. Imines consist of a C=N double bond and are named Schiff bases after its discoverer—the German chemist Hugo Schiff. On the other hand, secondary amines react with carbonyl compounds to give enamines. In enamines, the presence of a C=C double bond adjacent to the nitrogen atom leads to the delocalization of the lone pair.

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines

Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines

The secondary and tertiary amines are derivatives of ammonia, where two and three of its hydrogens are replaced by alkyl groups, respectively. Secondary and tertiary amines can be symmetrical with identical alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom or unsymmetrical when more than one type of alkyl group is present. The standard nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines is similar to the names given to the primary amines. They are generally named alkylamines. As depicted in Figure 1, for...

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

New generation ionic liquids: cations derived from amino acids.

Guo-hong Tao¹, Ling He, Ning Sun

¹State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|July 13, 2005

Summary

New chiral ionic liquids were synthesized from natural amino acids and their ester salts. These novel ionic liquids offer simple preparation routes for advanced material applications.

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Area of Science:

Chemistry
Materials Science
Organic Synthesis

Background:

Ionic liquids (ILs) are versatile solvents with tunable properties.
Chiral ionic liquids are particularly interesting for enantioselective applications.
Developing cost-effective and straightforward synthesis routes for chiral ILs is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize two new families of chiral ionic liquids.
To utilize readily available natural alpha-amino acids and their ester salts as precursors.
To establish simple and efficient preparation methods for these novel ionic liquids.

Main Methods:

Direct derivation of chiral cations from natural alpha-amino acids.
Utilizing alpha-amino acid ester salts in the synthesis.
Employing straightforward and simple preparation techniques.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of two distinct families of chiral ionic liquids.
The cations were directly derived from natural chiral sources.
The preparation methods were found to be highly efficient and simple.

Conclusions:

A new generation of chiral ionic liquids has been successfully prepared.
The use of natural amino acids and their esters simplifies the synthesis.
These ionic liquids hold promise for various applications, particularly where chirality is important.