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Cellular responses to oral pathogens.

Howard K Kuramitsu1, H Miyakawa, M Qi

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, New York, USA.

Annals of Periodontology
|July 15, 2005
PubMed
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Periodontitis-causing bacteria, like Porphyromonas gingivalis, can modify low-density lipoproteins (LDL). This modification may contribute to atherosclerosis development and foam cell formation in blood vessels.

Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiology
  • Cardiovascular research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies and animal models suggest a link between periodontitis and atherosclerosis.
  • Periodontopathic bacteria may directly interact with vascular tissues, mediating this association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro interactions of Porphyromonas gingivalis with endothelial cells and macrophages.
  • To determine the effect of these interactions on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) modification.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies using Porphyromonas gingivalis (strain 381), its outer membrane vesicles, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • Experiments involved murine macrophage cell line J774.A.1 and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC).
  • Assessed LDL modification, particle migration through agarose gels, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

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Main Results:

  • P. gingivalis, its vesicles, and LPS induced LDL modification in the presence of macrophages.
  • Direct LDL modification by P. gingivalis was observed, attributed to its protease activity.
  • P. gingivalis induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endothelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro findings suggest a molecular mechanism for periodontopathic bacteria in promoting foam cell formation.
  • P. gingivalis may play a role in augmenting atherosclerotic lesion development.