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Related Experiment Videos

Paediatric anaesthesia and inhalation agents.

Martin Jöhr1, Thomas M Berger

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Kantonsspital, CH-6000 Luzern 16, Switzerland. joehrmartin@bluewin.ch

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology
|July 15, 2005
PubMed
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In pediatric anesthesia, inhalation agents like sevoflurane are common for mask induction, offering cardiovascular safety. However, emergence delirium and cerebral effects remain concerns, with intravenous propofol as a less-established alternative.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Inhalation agents are mainstays in pediatric anesthesia, particularly for mask induction before venous access is established.
  • Pediatric patients often require mask induction due to needle aversion and the challenges of obtaining venous access in awake, moving children.
  • Safety and precise dosing are paramount in pediatric anesthesia, facilitated by monitoring end-tidal concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of inhalation agents and intravenous techniques in pediatric anesthesia.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used inhalation agents, such as sevoflurane and desflurane.
  • To compare inhalation anesthesia with intravenous propofol in the context of pediatric patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on anesthetic agents used in pediatric populations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of safety profiles and emergence characteristics of sevoflurane, desflurane, and propofol.
  • Discussion of the role of end-tidal concentration monitoring in pediatric anesthesia.

    • Main Results:

    • Sevoflurane has largely replaced halothane, improving cardiovascular safety during pediatric anesthesia.
    • Emergence from sevoflurane and desflurane can be associated with delirium and agitation.
    • Experience with propofol in pediatrics is limited, and the risks of propofol infusion syndrome are not fully understood.

    Conclusions:

    • Inhalation anesthesia remains the gold standard for most pediatric anesthesiologists.
    • Intravenous techniques, like propofol, may offer an attractive alternative in specific pediatric clinical scenarios.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the long-term cerebral effects and safety of certain inhalation agents and propofol in children.