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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Primary visual cortex activity along the apparent-motion trace reflects illusory perception.

Lars Muckli1, Axel Kohler, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte

  • 1Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. muckli@mpih-frankfurt.mpg.de

Plos Biology
|July 16, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Primary visual cortex (V1) shows activity related to illusory motion paths, even in areas not directly stimulated. This suggests V1 plays a role in representing apparent motion perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Apparent motion is an illusion created by successive visual stimuli at different locations.
  • Motion-sensitive extrastriate cortex regions are known to process apparent motion.
  • The role of primary visual cortex (V1) in representing illusory motion paths remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate apparent-motion-related activity in human V1.
  • To determine if V1 represents illusory motion paths, including indirectly activated regions.
  • To confirm if V1 activity correlates with conscious perception of movement.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in human subjects.
  • Examining blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in V1.
  • Utilizing a bistable motion quartet to link activity to conscious perception.

Main Results:

  • Apparent motion induced BOLD responses along V1 representations of the illusory path.
  • Activation occurred in V1 regions not directly stimulated by the visual stimuli.
  • Activity in V1 was independent of attention-demanding tasks.
  • V1 activity correlated with the conscious perception of movement.

Conclusions:

  • Primary visual cortex (V1) is involved in representing the illusory path of apparent motion.
  • V1 activation may result from lateral interactions within V1 or feedback from higher visual areas (e.g., human MT/V5).
  • These findings expand our understanding of the neural networks underlying visual motion perception.