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Age differences in stroop interference in working memory.

David P McCabe1, Chuck L Robertson, Anderson D Smith

  • 1Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. dmccab@artsci.wuslt.edu

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|July 16, 2005
PubMed
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Older adults exhibit greater interference effects in tasks requiring controlled attention and short-term memory. Working memory capacity, defined by controlled attention, explains errors in older adults, highlighting its role in executive function.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Working memory capacity is theorized as the ability to employ controlled attention within short-term memory.
  • Understanding age-related differences in working memory and executive functions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of controlled attention in working memory capacity across different age groups.
  • To examine how memory load and interference affect performance in young and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A modified neuropsychological task combining word span and Stroop color-naming was administered to young and older adults.
  • Participants named colors of congruent and incongruent color-words and recalled the color sequence.
  • Interference effects and memory load were manipulated (2-6 words/trial).

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Main Results:

  • Older adults demonstrated significantly greater interference effects compared to younger adults.
  • These interference effects escalated with increasing memory load in older adults.
  • Working memory capacity and executive function measures predicted unique variance in errors for older adults.

Conclusions:

  • The conceptualization of working memory capacity as controlled attention in short-term memory is supported.
  • Age-related declines in executive functions, particularly controlled attention, contribute to working memory deficits.
  • This framework offers valuable insights for studying executive functions in aging populations.