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The bacterial injection kit: type III secretion systems.

Luís J Mota1, Guy R Cornelis

  • 1Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Switzerland.

Annals of Medicine
|July 16, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Type III secretion (T3S) systems enable pathogenic bacteria to inject virulence proteins, known as T3S effectors, into host cells. These effectors manipulate host functions, aiding bacterial survival and pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Type III secretion (T3S) systems are common in Gram-negative bacteria pathogenic to animals and plants.
  • These systems inject bacterial virulence proteins (T3S effectors) into eukaryotic host cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding T3S effector mechanisms.
  • To highlight shared biochemical activities and eukaryotic-like features of T3S effectors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on T3S effectors.
  • Analysis of effector biochemical activities and host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • T3S effectors modulate crucial host regulatory molecules (GTPases, MAPKs, NF-kappaB, phosphoinositides).

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  • Effectors influence host cell invasion, phagocytosis, immune responses, apoptosis, autophagy, and trafficking.
  • Effectors exhibit sequence, structural, and functional similarities to eukaryotic proteins.

    • Conclusions:

    • T3S effectors are versatile virulence factors with eukaryotic-like functions.
    • Understanding effector mechanisms provides insights into bacterial pathogenesis and host manipulation.