Kinetic analysis of the interaction between yessotoxin and analogues and immobilized phosphodiesterases using a...

Yessotoxin (YTX) is a disulfated polyether toxin produced by phytoplanktonic microalgae from the dinoflagellates group. YTX has structural similarities to maitotoxin or brevetoxins, and the mechanism of action for YTX is specific and related to calcium modulation. Some studies show that YTX decreases adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels in human lymphocytes. This effect is calcium-dependent, and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) seem to be involved. This point was recently confirmed by studying kinetic constants of YTX-PDEs binding. The aim of this work is to compare the ability of YTX and analogues to bind immobilized PDEs by using a resonant mirror biosensor. These instruments measure biomolecular interactions in real time, without labeling, and allow detailed investigation of the reaction kinetics by analysis of the resultant signals. YTX and the derivatives, 45-hydroxyyessotoxin, carboxyyessotoxin, and yessotoxin-45-(S)-a-methoxy-a-trifluormethylphenylacetate, were added over immobilized PDEs. The kinetic constants obtained from these bindings indicate a relationship between toxin structure and affinity. Since the presence of the functional groups in the side chain decreased the toxic YTX effect and the PDEs-YTX association, our results show that the side chain plays an important role in the YTX affinity for PDEs.