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Related Experiment Videos

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Joseph Biederman1, Stephen V Faraone

  • 1Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit of the Child Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. biederman@helix.mgh.harvard.edu

Lancet (London, England)
|July 19, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting children and adults. Research highlights its heritability, neurobiological underpinnings, and effective treatment options including medications and psychosocial therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 8-12% of children globally, with persistent symptoms into adulthood for over half.
  • ADHD is highly heritable, with genetic factors playing a significant role.
  • Obstetric complications and psychosocial adversity are identified as potential risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of ADHD pathophysiology.
  • To discuss recent advancements in ADHD pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatments.
  • To provide an overview of ADHD's genetic and environmental influences.

Main Methods:

  • Review of twin, adoption, and molecular genetic studies.
  • Analysis of findings from animal and human neuroimaging studies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of evidence from clinical trials on pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • Converging evidence implicates dysregulation of catecholaminergic circuits in ADHD pathophysiology.
    • Molecular imaging suggests dopamine transporter abnormalities impair neurotransmission.
    • Recent studies confirm the safety and efficacy of novel non-stimulant drugs and extended-release stimulant formulations.

    Conclusions:

    • ADHD has a strong genetic basis and involves specific neurobiological pathways.
    • Pharmacotherapy, including new non-stimulant and long-acting stimulant options, is effective.
    • Targeted psychosocial treatments are crucial components of comprehensive ADHD management.