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Potential treatment alternative for laboratory effluents.

Larissa C Alves1, Humberto M Henrique, Alcina M F Xavier

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, P.O. Box 593, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Bioresource Technology
|July 19, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Chemical laboratory effluent requires pretreatment and dilution with household wastewater for effective treatment. This approach optimizes chemical oxygen demand, sulphate, and heavy metal removal using physical chemical and anaerobic processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Background:

  • Chemical analysis laboratories generate hazardous effluent with low pH, high chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulphate, and heavy metals.
  • Existing treatment methods may not be sufficient for complex effluent compositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a feasible treatment sequence for chemical laboratory effluent.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a combined physical chemical and anaerobic biological treatment process.
  • To determine optimal conditions for heavy metal and COD removal.

Main Methods:

  • Effluent characterization including pH, COD, sulphate, and heavy metal analysis.
  • Physical chemical treatment (pH adjustment, coagulation/flocculation, chemical precipitation).
  • Anaerobic biological treatment using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor, with and without dilution with domestic wastewater.

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Main Results:

  • Adjusting pH to 6.5 significantly improved COD (18%), turbidity (76%), and heavy metal (64-99%) removal without chemical additives.
  • Efficient UASB reactor operation required mixing effluent with household wastewater due to a low COD:sulphate ratio.
  • A 30% effluent mix achieved 60% COD, 23% sulphate, and 78-100% heavy metal removal.

Conclusions:

  • A pretreatment step involving pH adjustment is crucial for chemical laboratory effluent.
  • Dilution with domestic wastewater is necessary for effective anaerobic biological treatment.
  • The proposed treatment sequence is feasible using on-campus resources.