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Related Experiment Videos

Reducing bounce effects in the Andersen cascade impactor.

Craig Dunbar1, Abdo Kataya, Tiba Tiangbe

  • 1Alkermes Inc., 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. craig.dunbar@alkermes.com

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|July 19, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Minimizing particle bounce effects in the Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) is crucial for accurate aerodynamic particle size distribution (aPSD) measurement. Using water-saturated glass fiber filters on impaction plates effectively minimized these effects, ensuring reliable results.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Aerosol Science and Technology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • The Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) is widely used for measuring aerodynamic particle size distributions (aPSDs).
  • Particle bounce, overload, and re-entrainment (collectively 'bounce effects') can compromise ACI collection efficiency and accuracy.
  • Accurate aPSD measurement is critical for pharmaceutical product development and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate methods for reducing bounce effects in the ACI.
  • To compare aPSD measurements obtained with the ACI and a multi-stage liquid impinger (MSLI).
  • To identify optimal conditions for minimizing bounce effects and achieving accurate aPSD determination.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated ACI performance at 60 LPM using placebo large porous particles.

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  • Compared aPSDs from ACI (with uncoated, greased, and filter-coated plates) and MSLI.
  • Analyzed data using modal analysis and statistical comparison of mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (sigmag).

    • Main Results:

    • Uncoated ACI plates showed significant bounce effects, resulting in bi-modal distributions and statistically different MMAD/sigmag.
    • Plate coating and reduced jet velocities partially reduced bounce effects but did not eliminate them.
    • Water-saturated 20-microm pore glass fiber filters on inverted impaction plates minimized bounce effects, yielding mono-modal distributions with no significant differences compared to MSLI.

    Conclusions:

    • Bounce effects significantly impact ACI accuracy, necessitating mitigation strategies.
    • Water-saturated glass fiber filters represent an effective method for minimizing bounce effects in ACI.
    • Careful selection of impaction substrate and solvent is essential for accurate aPSD measurement with the ACI.