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Related Experiment Videos

Oxidative-nitrosative stress in hypertension.

Nelson Escobales1, Maria J Crespo

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, USA. nescobales@rcm.upr.edu

Current Vascular Pharmacology
|July 20, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to hypertension by disrupting vascular function, primarily through NAD(P)H oxidase. While antioxidants show mixed results, novel drugs combining antihypertensive and antioxidant properties offer promise.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Hypertension Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial signaling molecules in the vasculature.
  • An imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses can lead to hypertension.
  • NAD(P)H oxidase is a primary source of vascular ROS, often angiotensin II-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of ROS in vascular abnormalities leading to hypertension.
  • To investigate the mechanisms of ROS generation and their targets in the vasculature.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of antioxidants and combined drugs in hypertension management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of accumulated evidence on ROS generation and function in the vasculature.
  • Analysis of the role of NAD(P)H oxidase and angiotensin II in ROS production.

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  • Examination of redox-sensitive targets mediating ROS effects on vascular cells and function.

    • Main Results:

    • NAD(P)H oxidase activation leads to superoxide production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, causing oxidative stress and peroxynitrite formation.
    • ROS contribute to vascular injury, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and smooth muscle cell growth.
    • Redox-sensitive targets mediate ROS effects, influencing vascular remodeling and reactivity, potentially leading to hypertension.

    Conclusions:

    • ROS, particularly from NAD(P)H oxidase, play a significant role in hypertension development.
    • Polymorphisms in genes like p22phox may influence susceptibility to ROS-induced hypertension.
    • While antioxidant trials have been inconclusive, combined antihypertensive and antioxidant drugs show potential for hypertension management.