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Updated: Aug 13, 2026
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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
Published on: January 27, 2010
Maternal experience of pain during external cephalic version at term
Wing Yee Fok1, Lin Wai Chan, Tak Yeung Leung
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. angelfok@cuhk.edu.hk
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|July 20, 2005
Summary
Maternal pain perception during external cephalic version (ECV) without analgesia was moderate but well-tolerated. Successful ECV procedures were associated with significantly lower pain scores.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Pain Management
Background:
- External cephalic version (ECV) is a procedure to turn breech presentation babies.
- Investigating maternal pain perception during ECV is crucial for patient comfort and procedural acceptance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess maternal pain perception during external cephalic version (ECV) when performed without analgesia or anesthesia.
- To identify factors influencing pain levels during ECV.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of 97 pregnant women undergoing ECV for singleton breech presentation at ≥36 weeks gestation.
- Pain was rated on a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) post-procedure.
- No analgesia or anesthesia was administered during ECV.
Main Results:
- The median VAS pain score was 5.7 (IQR 2.7-6.8) for 98 ECV procedures.
- Successful ECV had significantly lower pain scores (median 4.6) compared to failed procedures (median 6.8).
- Easier procedures (operator-rated) correlated with lower pain scores (median 3.4 vs. 6.4).
Conclusions:
- ECV without analgesia results in moderate pain, generally well-tolerated due to its short duration.
- Pain perception is influenced by procedural success and perceived ease.
- High pain scores did not preclude successful ECV in most cases.
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