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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression

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No description available
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Interphase Fluorescence in situ Hybridization of Bone Marrow Smears of Multiple Myeloma
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Gene expression profiling and multiple myeloma.

John Shaughnessy1, Fenghuang Zhan, Barthel Barlogie

  • 1Donna D. and Donald M. Lambert Laboratory of Myeloma Genetics, Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.

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Summary

Gene expression profiling offers deep insights into multiple myeloma biology, identifying new therapeutic targets and powerful prognostic markers for patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma is a complex hematological malignancy.
  • Understanding myeloma biology is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Gene expression profiling (GEP) provides a systems-level view of cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of GEP in understanding multiple myeloma.
  • To highlight how GEP has identified prognostic and pharmacogenomic markers.
  • To showcase GEP's role in discovering novel therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression data from multiple myeloma patients.
  • Identification of gene expression signatures associated with clinical outcomes.
  • Correlation of expression patterns with specific genetic abnormalities (e.g., IgH translocations, chromosome 13 deletion).

Main Results:

  • GEP effectively segregates patients into distinct prognostic categories.
  • Expression signatures can identify specific genetic alterations like chromosome 13 deletion.
  • Short gene lists derived from GEP provide powerful prognostic information, outperforming existing tools.
  • GEP has identified new therapeutic targets for myeloma cell survival and osteolysis.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression profiling is a pivotal tool for dissecting multiple myeloma biology.
  • GEP facilitates the identification of novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
  • GEP-derived signatures enhance our ability to predict patient outcomes and guide treatment strategies.