Monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance

The monoclonal gammopathies include multiple myeloma (MM), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), primary systemic amyloidosis (AL), and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). At Mayo Clinic, almost 60% of patients with a monoclonal gammopathy have MGUS. MGUS is characterized by the presence of a serum monoclonal protein value <3 g/dL, fewer than 10% plasma cells in the bone marrow, no or a small amount of monoclonal protein in the urine, and absence of lytic bone lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia, or renal insufficiency related to the plasma-cell proliferative process. During long-term follow-up of 241 patients with MGUS seen at Mayo Clinic from 1956 to 1970, MM, WM, AL, or a related disorder developed in 64. To confirm the findings, we conducted a population-based study on MGUS in the 11 counties of southeastern Minnesota from 1960 to 1994. The risk of progression to a malignant plasma-cell disorder was 1% per year.