Infection with mycobacterium abscessus after Mohs micrographic surgery in an immunocompetent patient

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are increasing in incidence. They have been reported following multiple procedures, including dialysis, liposuction, soft tissue augmentation, pedicures, public baths, acupuncture, placement of contaminated foreign devices such as the Norplant (Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Collegetown, PA, USA), intravenous catheters, and during surgery from contamination of medical instruments.

We report a case of Mycobacterium abscessus infection presenting as erythematous papules occurring after Mohs micrographic surgery. We also review the literature on nontuberculous mycobacterial infection to discuss common presentations, diagnosis, and treatment options.

One case presenting to an outpatient dermatology surgery clinic is presented with extensive review of the medical literature on M. abscessus.

Infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria can present with varied nonspecific morphologies. A high degree of clinical suspicion is necessary to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.