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Canine hyperadrenocorticism.

J Cayzer1, B R Jones

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

New Zealand Veterinary Journal
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Hyperadrenocorticism, a common canine endocrine disorder, involves excessive cortisol production. Diagnosis uses clinical signs and various tests, with treatment tailored to the cause, including surgery or medication like op'DDD or ketoconazole.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Canine Health

Background:

  • Hyperadrenocorticism ( Cushing's disease) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in dogs.
  • It stems from excessive cortisol production by the adrenal cortex, often due to pituitary stimulation or adrenal tumors.
  • Clinical signs are diverse, including polydipsia, polyuria, obesity, alopecia, and lethargy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline diagnostic approaches for canine hyperadrenocorticism.
  • To detail methods for differentiating causes of hyperadrenocorticism.
  • To review treatment options for this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Initial assessment involves hematology, serum chemistry, and urinalysis.
  • Diagnostic confirmation and localization utilize imaging (radiology, ultrasonography, CT), biopsies, and hormone level measurements.

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  • Specific tests include ACTH stimulation, dexamethasone suppression tests, and urine cortisol:creatinine ratio.

    • Main Results:

    • A combination of clinical signs and laboratory findings can suggest a presumptive diagnosis.
    • Specialized tests are crucial for confirming hyperadrenocorticism and determining its origin (pituitary vs. adrenal).
    • Treatment strategies vary from surgical removal of adrenal tumors to medical management with drugs like op'DDD or ketoconazole.

    Conclusions:

    • Canine hyperadrenocorticism requires a multi-faceted diagnostic approach.
    • Accurate diagnosis and localization are essential for effective treatment planning.
    • Both surgical and medical interventions offer viable treatment options for hyperadrenocorticism.