Major trace elements limiting livestock performance in New Zealand

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Animal Nutrition
• Veterinary Medicine

Background:

• New Zealand soils frequently exhibit deficiencies in cobalt, selenium, and copper, or high levels of molybdenum.
• These soil conditions can lead to trace element deficiencies in grazing livestock, affecting animal health and productivity.
• Historical research in the mid-20th century identified trace element imbalances as causes of ill-thrift and diseases like white muscle disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and impact of trace element deficiencies in New Zealand livestock.
• To establish diagnostic reference ranges for key trace elements and vitamin B12.
• To develop effective supplementation strategies tailored to New Zealand's diverse livestock management systems.

Main Methods:

• Development of production-related reference ranges for blood and liver copper, vitamin B12, and selenium.
• Implementation of various supplementation methods, including pasture topdressing, spraying, and direct animal supplementation.
• Establishment of routine trace-element monitoring programs for farmers.

Main Results:

• New Zealand researchers pioneered the definition of trace-element related diseases and their causes.
• Established reference ranges are crucial for diagnosing and preventing deficiencies in cattle, sheep, and deer.
• A variety of supplementation techniques have been successfully implemented across different farming systems.
• Copper deficiency is the most commonly diagnosed trace element issue in deer.

Conclusions:

• Trace element deficiencies are a significant concern for New Zealand livestock, necessitating ongoing monitoring and management.
• The development of diagnostic tools and tailored supplementation strategies has greatly improved the prevention and treatment of these conditions.
• Routine monitoring programs are essential for farmers on deficient land to maintain animal health and productivity.