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Dynamic visual-vestibular integration during goal directed human locomotion.

Nandini Deshpande1, Aftab E Patla

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Gait & Posture Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.

Experimental Brain Research
|July 21, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Visual and vestibular system interactions were studied during locomotion. Results show visual input dominates, but vestibular stimulation initially influences gait, with effects diminishing as the target is approached.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Visual input is crucial for stable locomotion, aiding the central nervous system in counteracting vestibular disturbances.
  • Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can directionally affect gait, especially with unreliable visual information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the weighting of visual and vestibular inputs for optimal locomotor performance under visually impoverished conditions.
  • To understand sensory integration during goal-directed locomotion with manipulated visual and vestibular cues.

Main Methods:

  • Participants walked towards a target under conditions of normal vision, prism-induced visual displacement, and bimodal stimulation (visual displacement + GVS).
  • Measurements included center of mass (CoM) displacement, head and trunk angles (yaw, roll) to analyze gait and coordination.

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  • GVS was applied with varying current polarity relative to visual displacement.

    • Main Results:

    • While visual information primarily guided locomotion, both congruent and incongruent GVS significantly altered CoM displacement.
    • The fundamental pattern of segmental steering responses remained, but their magnitude was affected by GVS.
    • The influence of GVS on overall output decreased as participants neared the target.

    Conclusions:

    • Suggests a dynamic visual-vestibular interaction where vestibular input gain is initially heightened with poor visual information.
    • Visual information ultimately dominates goal-directed locomotion, despite being insufficient, due to gradual habituation to vestibular stimulation.
    • Observed gait trajectories support a decaying GVS gain model, highlighting dynamic sensory integration.