Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 16, 2026
07:17
Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
Published on: June 22, 2016
TLR-4 regulates CD8+ T cell trapping in the liver
Beena John1, Ian Nicholas Crispe
1David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. beena_john@urmc.rochester.edu
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|July 22, 2005
Summary
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) regulates the liver's ability to trap activated CD8+ T cells. Without TLR-4, the liver sequesters fewer T cells, impacting immune response distribution.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) primarily activate innate and adaptive immunity.
- TLRs are also involved in sensing cellular damage and maintaining intestinal integrity.
- The liver sequesters activated CD8+ T cells during immune responses, but the mechanism is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of TLR-4 in controlling the in vivo distribution of activated CD8+ T cells.
- To test the hypothesis that liver endotoxin exposure via TLR-4 promotes T cell adhesion.
Main Methods:
- Investigated the effect of TLR-4 absence on CD8+ T cell sequestration in the liver.
- Analyzed the correlation between liver-trapped T cells and circulating T cell frequency.
Main Results:
- Mice lacking TLR-4 showed impaired liver sequestration of activated CD8+ T cells.
- An inverse correlation was observed between liver-trapped T cells and circulating T cells in TLR-4 deficient mice.
- TLR-4 ligands influence liver T cell trapping even without inflammation.
Conclusions:
- TLR-4 plays a significant role in the liver's capacity to trap activated CD8+ T cells under basal conditions.
- This finding offers a new perspective on TLR-4's regulation of immune responses.
- The liver's endotoxin exposure via TLR-4 is crucial for T cell distribution.
Related Concept Videos
01:22T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
01:24T Cell Types and Functions
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...