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Interventions for preventing obesity in children.

C D Summerbell1, E Waters, L D Edmunds

  • 1School of Health and Social Care, University of Teesside, Parkside West, Middlesbrough, Teesside, UK, TS1 3BA. carolyn.summerbell@tees.ac.uk

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 22, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Childhood obesity prevention strategies show limited effectiveness, with combined diet and physical activity interventions rarely improving BMI. Some single-focus interventions on diet or physical activity had minor positive impacts on BMI status.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a global public health concern with increasing prevalence.
  • Existing obesity prevention strategies for children can modify behavior, but their effectiveness in preventing obesity is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity.
  • Interventions considered included those focused on diet, physical activity, lifestyle, and social support.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL) from 1990 to February 2005.
  • Included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials with a minimum duration of twelve weeks.
  • Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality.

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Main Results:

  • Twenty-two studies were included, with nineteen school/preschool-based interventions.
  • Long-term combined diet and physical activity interventions showed mixed results, with one study improving outcomes for girls only.
  • Interventions focusing solely on physical activity showed some promise, while nutrition education alone was ineffective. Short-term combined interventions had no significant impact.

Conclusions:

  • Most studies were short-term, and combined diet and physical activity interventions did not significantly improve Body Mass Index (BMI).
  • Some interventions focusing on diet or physical activity alone demonstrated a small positive impact on BMI status.
  • Reconsideration of intervention design, duration, and intensity is needed, along with comprehensive reporting.