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Related Experiment Videos

Combination injectable contraceptives for contraception.

M F Gallo1, D A Grimes, K F Schulz

  • 1IPAS, 300 Market Street, suite 200, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, USA. gallom@ipas.org

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 22, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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See all related articles

Combination injectable contraceptives offer effective, reversible birth control but can have side effects like bleeding pattern changes. Norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) plus estradiol valerate (E2V) showed better acceptability than depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) plus estradiol cypionate (E2C).

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Contraception
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Combination injectable contraceptives are highly effective, reversible, and do not require daily administration.
  • Method characteristics, such as monthly injections and bleeding pattern changes, can affect acceptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess contraceptive efficacy, bleeding patterns, discontinuation rates, user preferences, and side effects of combination injectable contraceptives.
  • To compare different formulations of combination injectable contraceptives.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing combination injectable contraceptives with other methods or placebo.
  • Inclusion of RCTs reported in any language, limited to currently marketed combination injectables.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Data extraction on efficacy, bleeding, continuation, and side effects by two independent reviewers.

    • Main Results:

    • Norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) 50 mg plus estradiol valerate (E2V) 5 mg showed lower early discontinuation rates than depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 25 mg plus estradiol cypionate (E2C) 5 mg.
    • NET-EN/E2V resulted in less discontinuation due to amenorrhea or prolonged bleeding, with more cyclical bleeding and fewer prolonged bleeding episodes compared to DMPA/E2C.
    • Discontinuation rates due to reasons other than bleeding were higher for combination injectables compared to progestin-only contraceptives.

    Conclusions:

    • Discontinuation rates are an indicator of method acceptability but depend on multiple factors.
    • Future research should focus on improving acceptability through convenient administration and counseling on bleeding patterns.
    • NET-EN/E2V may offer better acceptability than DMPA/E2C, though differences were not consistently detected across all trials.