Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Antagonistic Effect of Jiawei Shengjiang San on a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy: Related to EGFR/MAPK3/1 Signaling Pathway
08:15

Antagonistic Effect of Jiawei Shengjiang San on a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy: Related to EGFR/MAPK3/1 Signaling Pathway

Published on: May 10, 2024

Can advanced glycation end product inhibitors modulate more than one pathway to enhance renoprotection in diabetes?

Melinda T Coughlan1, Mark E Cooper, Josephine M Forbes

  • 1Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Baker Heart Research Institute, P.O. Box 6492, St. Kilda Rd. Central, Melbourne 8008, Australia. melinda.coughlan@baker.edu.au

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|July 23, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to diabetic nephropathy, but other factors amplify kidney injury. Targeting multiple pathways may offer better protection against diabetic renal disease.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are implicated in diabetic nephropathy.
  • Diabetic renal disease involves complex interactions between metabolic and hemodynamic factors.
  • Multiple pathogenic pathways contribute to kidney injury in diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifactorial nature of diabetic nephropathy.
  • To identify therapeutic strategies targeting key pathogenic pathways.
  • To emphasize the need for combination therapies in managing diabetic renal disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of interactions between AGEs and other key pathways (renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, PKC, growth factors).
  • Discussion of current therapeutic approaches and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Advanced glycation is one of several pathways contributing to diabetic nephropathy.
  • Metabolic and hemodynamic factors interact to amplify renal injury.
  • AGE-mediated pathways interact with renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, PKC, and growth factors.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetic nephropathy results from multiple interacting pathogenic pathways.
  • Future therapies likely require targeting multiple pathways for optimal end-organ protection.
  • Research into synergistic interactions is critical for developing effective interventions against diabetic complications.

Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...