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Published on: December 31, 2015
Risk of cardio-respiratory abnormalities in preterm infants placed in car seats: a cross-sectional study
Vallier C Ojadi1, Anna Petrova, Rajeev Mehta
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School / University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. ojadiva@umdnj.edu
Insights
Preterm infants often experience cardio-respiratory symptoms in car seats, especially those weighing under 2,000 grams at discharge. Testing before transport is crucial, but alternative safe transportation may be needed for high-risk infants.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal care
- Pediatric respiratory medicine
- Transport medicine
Background:
- Limited understanding of factors influencing cardio-respiratory symptoms in preterm infants during car seat placement.
- Previous research has not investigated the impact of gestational age, discharge weight, or pre-existing conditions on car seat tolerance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess cardio-respiratory function in preterm infants during car seat testing before discharge.
- To identify factors predisposing to cardio-respiratory symptoms in this population.
Main Methods:
- Monitoring cardio-respiratory function in 42 preterm infants (24-35 weeks gestational age) for 45 minutes before, during, and after car seat placement.
- Analyzing the occurrence of periodic breathing, apnea, bradycardia, and decreased oxygen saturation (SaO2).
Main Results:
- A high incidence of cardio-respiratory symptoms (periodic breathing, desaturation, bradycardia) was observed during car seat testing (up to 83.3%).
- Infants with discharge weight ≤2,000 grams showed increased oxygen desaturation or combined symptoms.
- Cardio-respiratory function normalized upon repositioning to a supine position in most infants.
Conclusions:
- Pre-discharge car seat testing is vital for preventing transport-related cardio-respiratory issues in preterm infants.
- Infants weighing less than 2,000 grams at discharge represent a high-risk group requiring consideration for alternative safe transportation methods.
Background:
Little is known about the factors that predispose to the occurrence and severity of cardio-respiratory symptoms during the placement of a prematurely born infant in a car seat. The impact of gestational age, weight at discharge and infant's pre-existing cardio-respiratory status (in the supine position) on cardio-respiratory function during pre-discharge testing in a car seat (semi-upright position) has not been investigated.
Methods:
The cardio-respiratory function of 42 preterm neonates with gestational age 24 to 35 weeks and discharge weight 1790 to 2570 grams were monitored for 45 minutes before, during, and after placement in a car seat. The occurrence of periodic breathing, apnea, bradycardia, or decreased oxygen saturation (SaO2) was analyzed.
Results:
Prior to the car seat testing, 15 (35.7%) infants displayed one or more abnormalities of cardio-respiratory function. During the car seat testing, 25 (59.6%) infants had periodic breathing, 33 (78.2%) had oxygen saturation <90%, 14 (33.3%) had bradycardia less than 80 beats per minute, and 35 (83.3%) had a combination of these symptoms. Infants, both with and without pre-existing cardio-respiratory abnormalities, had an almost equal probability (80% vs. 83.3%) for the development of cardio-respiratory symptoms during placement in the car seat. Weight at discharge ([less than or equal to] 2,000 grams) but not the gestational age (<28 weeks or [greater than or equal to] 28<37 weeks), was associated with either increased episodes of oxygen desaturation or the combination of cardio-respiratory symptoms that were seen during the placement of these infants in the car seat. Repositioning from the car seat to the supine position showed normalization of cardio-respiratory function in the majority (83%) of the tested infants. None of the tested clinical factors were associated with the severity of the cardio-respiratory symptoms.
Conclusion:
Pre-discharge testing of the cardio-respiratory function of preterm infants during placement in a car seat is important for the prevention of cardio-respiratory symptoms during their transportation. However, the high risk for developing cardio-respiratory symptoms will require the consideration of an alternative mode of safe home transportation for preterm infants; especially those with a discharge weight less than 2,000 grams.
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