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Contemporary anthropogenic silver cycle: a multilevel analysis.

Jeremiah Johnson1, Julie Jirikowic, Marlen Bertram

  • 1Center for Industrial Ecology, Environmental Engineering Program, and Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.

Environmental Science & Technology
|July 29, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Global silver flows in 1997 show significant disparities in use and recycling. Material flow analysis reveals that 57% of mined silver becomes waste, with only 57% of that waste being recycled.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Resource Management
  • Industrial Ecology

Background:

  • Anthropogenic cycling of silver is a critical aspect of global resource management.
  • Understanding silver's flow is essential for environmental impact assessment and policy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive analysis of anthropogenic silver cycling in 1997.
  • To quantify global silver flows across countries, regions, and the planet.
  • To identify key findings regarding silver production, consumption, and waste.

Main Methods:

  • Material Flow Analysis (MFA) techniques were employed.
  • Data from 64 countries, 9 world regions, and global estimates were aggregated.
  • Country-level cycles were aggregated to regional and global levels.

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Main Results:

  • Several silver-mining nations also import silver-containing products.
  • Country development level correlates with silver use, with notable exceptions.
  • Major silver producers include Mexico, USA, Peru, and China; major fabricators include USA, Japan, India, Germany, and Italy.
  • North America and Europe exhibit higher per capita silver product consumption.
  • Approximately 57% of mined silver resulted in discards (tailings, waste).
  • Global recycling rates for silver waste reached approximately 57%.
  • Silver entering landfills globally is comparable to tailings amounts.

Conclusions:

  • The material flow analysis provides a foundational understanding of global silver cycling.
  • Results offer insights for natural resource policy, environmental impact characterization, and improved resource management.
  • Further analysis can refine our understanding of silver's complex global journey.