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Related Experiment Videos

Lymphocyte homing to the gut: attraction, adhesion, and commitment.

Marko Salmi1, Sirpa Jalkanen

  • 1National Public Health Institute Turku, MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Turku, Finland.

Immunological Reviews
|July 29, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Lymphocytes migrate to the gut, where they are imprinted to return and defend against pathogens. Understanding this mucosal homing mechanism aids in developing new vaccines and therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Lymphocytes continuously recirculate between the blood and the intestine.
  • Naive lymphocytes extravasate into gut lymphoid tissues, like Peyer's patches, via high endothelial venules.
  • This process involves a multistep cascade of adhesion and transmigration mediated by specific molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of lymphocyte homing and imprinting in the gut.
  • To explore the implications of altered lymphocyte recirculation in inflammatory conditions.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of understanding mucosal immunity.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews the known mechanisms of lymphocyte migration, adhesion, and transmigration.
  • It discusses lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and imprinting by dendritic cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues.

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  • The text also examines how inflammation affects lymphocyte recirculation routes.

    • Main Results:

    • Activated lymphocytes, imprinted in the gut, preferentially home back to the lamina propria for effector functions.
    • Altered lymphocyte recirculation in inflammation may contribute to extra-intestinal manifestations of gut diseases.
    • Knowledge of mucosal homing has led to successful anti-adhesive therapeutics.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding lymphocyte homing and imprinting is crucial for designing effective vaccination strategies.
    • Targeting mucosal homing pathways offers therapeutic opportunities for inflammatory bowel diseases and gut infections.
    • Recent advances have enabled the development of novel anti-adhesive therapies for human use.