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Related Experiment Videos

Nuclear cloning, epigenetic reprogramming and cellular differentiation.

Rudolf Jaenisch1, Konrad Hochedlinger, Kevin Eggan

  • 1Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|July 30, 2005
PubMed
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Mammalian cloning is inefficient, often failing due to faulty genomic reprogramming. This study reveals that the cloning procedure itself and donor cell type significantly impact gene expression and clone viability.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Mammalian cloning via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has achieved full-term development but remains inefficient.
  • Cloned embryos frequently fail during gestation, and survivors exhibit high mortality and abnormal growth.
  • Faulty gene expression and incomplete genomic reprogramming are suspected causes of developmental failures in cloned mammals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causes of developmental abnormalities in cloned mammals.
  • To compare gene expression patterns between clones derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells and somatic cells.
  • To assess the reprogramming potential of terminally differentiated cell nuclei in the cloning process.

Main Methods:

  • Expression profiling to compare gene expression in ES cell-derived clones versus somatic cell-derived clones.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Derivation of monoclonal mice from B and T lymphocytes to study reprogramming of terminally differentiated cells.
  • Analysis of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements to confirm donor cell differentiation status.

    • Main Results:

    • Substantial gene dysregulation was observed in cloned animals.
    • The nuclear cloning procedure itself was identified as a cause of faulty reprogramming.
    • The type of donor nucleus used significantly contributes to abnormal gene expression patterns in clones.

    Conclusions:

    • Incomplete reprogramming of the donor nucleus is a major factor limiting cloning efficiency and viability.
    • Both the cloning technique and the differentiation state of the donor nucleus influence the success of mammalian cloning.
    • Further research is needed to understand and overcome reprogramming barriers in terminally differentiated cells for improved cloning outcomes.