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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon
11:36

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Published on: May 28, 2007

Mechanical loading stimulates ecto-ATPase activity in human tendon cells.

M Tsuzaki1, D Bynum, L Almekinders

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7055, USA. Mari_tsuzaki@med.unc.edu

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|July 30, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical loading releases adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) from tendon cells. Ecto-ATPase activity increases with mechanical load, suggesting a protective role for this system in tendon homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Tendon cells respond to mechanical stimuli, crucial for function and preventing damage from repetitive motion.
  • Overloading can lead to matrix damage, inflammation, and conditions like tendinosis.
  • Extracellular adenosine 5 -triphosphate (ATP) is a potential signaling molecule that can dampen mechanical stimuli responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of extracellular ATP and ecto-ATPase activity in tenocyte response to mechanical loading.
  • To determine if mechanical loading stimulates ecto-ATPase activity in human tendon cells.
  • To explore the potential of the ATP/ATPase system in maintaining tendon homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Cyclic stretching of human tenocyte subcultures (epitenon and internal compartment) in vitro.
  • Measurement of extracellular ATP concentrations using a luciferin-luciferase assay.
  • Analysis of ecto-nucleotidase mRNA expression via RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • Human tendon cells secreted ATP, and exogenous ATP was rapidly hydrolyzed.
  • Mechanical loading significantly increased ATPase activity compared to unloaded controls.
  • Tenocytes expressed mRNA for key ecto-nucleotidases (ENTPD3, ENPP1, ENPP2).

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical loading releases ATP from tendon cells, and ecto-ATPase activity is enhanced.
  • The extracellular ATP/ATPase system likely plays a role in modulating mechanical signals.
  • This system may protect tendon cells from excessive load, preventing injury and maintaining tendon homeostasis.