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Autistic disorder: a neuropsychological enigma
1Department of Therapeutic Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706-1532.
Summary
Autism is linked to neurological disorders affecting brain function. This review highlights impairments in areas like the brain stem and frontal lobe, impacting social, sensory, and motor skills.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
- Genetics
Background:
- Autism is increasingly recognized as a neurological disorder.
- Understanding neurological dysfunction is crucial for occupational therapy evaluation and treatment.
- A comprehensive review of the literature since 1985 is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review the literature on the neuropsychology of autistic disorder since 1985.
- To categorize existing research into key areas.
- To synthesize findings on neurological impairments and associated functional deficits.
Main Methods:
- Literature review categorized into four types: neuropsychological testing, treatment studies, disease/genetic associations, and neuroanatomical/neurophysiological studies.
- Analysis of research findings on brain structure and function in autism.
- Synthesis of data on associated deficits in skills and abilities.
Main Results:
- Identified a spectrum of neurological impairments in the brain stem, cerebellum, midbrain, and frontal lobe.
- Associated these impairments with deficits in socioemotional skills, sensory processing, motor planning, and cognitive flexibility.
- Highlighted the heterogeneity of neurological dysfunction in autistic disorder.
Conclusions:
- Autistic disorder involves a wide range of neurological impairments.
- These impairments manifest as deficits across multiple functional domains.
- Individuals with autistic disorder require comprehensive evaluation and treatment addressing these diverse deficits.