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Gender-related differences in the clinical presentation and outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Iacopo Olivotto1, Martin S Maron, A Selcuk Adabag

  • 1Regional Referral Center for Myocardial Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy. olivottoi@ao-careggi.toscana.it

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|August 2, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are diagnosed later, more symptomatic, and face a higher risk of advanced heart failure. Early detection in women is crucial for timely treatment and improved outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The impact of gender on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) clinical presentation and progression is not well understood.
  • HCM is a complex condition with varied clinical trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender-specific differences in a multicenter cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 969 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCM across Italy and the U.S.
  • Patient data were collected and followed for an average of 6.2 years.

Main Results:

  • Female patients were older at diagnosis, more symptomatic (NYHA class), and more likely to have left ventricular outflow obstruction.
  • Women were less frequently diagnosed incidentally, with female gender independently associated with a higher risk of symptom progression to advanced heart failure.
  • Mortality rates and sudden cardiac death risk were comparable between genders.

Conclusions:

  • Women with HCM present differently, often with more severe symptoms and outflow obstruction, and have an increased risk of disease progression.
  • These disparities may stem from social, endocrine, or genetic factors, highlighting the need for increased clinical suspicion in women.
  • Prompt diagnosis and intervention, including obstruction relief, are vital for managing HCM in women and preventing adverse events like sudden death or stroke.
Abstract

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