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Related Concept Videos

Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He mathematically...
Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I01:13

Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I

The driving force for the motion of any vehicle is friction, but in the case of rocket propulsion in space, the friction force is not present. The motion of a rocket changes its velocity (and hence its momentum) by ejecting burned fuel gases, thus causing it to accelerate in the direction opposite to the velocity of the ejected fuel. In this situation, the mass and velocity of the rocket constantly change along with the total mass of ejected gases. Due to conservation of momentum, the rocket's...
Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II01:12

Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II

The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket experiences by...
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I01:20

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I

Rockets range in size from small fireworks that ordinary people use to the enormous Saturn V that once propelled massive payloads toward the Moon. The propulsion of all rockets, jet engines, deflating balloons, and even squids and octopuses are explained by the same physical principle: Newton's third law of motion. The matter is forcefully ejected from a system, producing an equal and opposite reaction on what remains.
The motion of a rocket in space changes its velocity (and hence its...
Principle of Equivalence01:18

Principle of Equivalence

According to Albert Einstein (1897-1955), free-falling and feeling weightless are intrinsically linked. If a person were in free-fall under gravity, for example, diving towards the Earth from an airplane, they would feel completely weightless. Similarly, a person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless. Broadly speaking, it is assumed that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object undergoing constant acceleration in the absence of gravity are under the same...

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William Ogilvy Kermack 1898-1970.

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)·1971
Same author

Cosmology after Half a Century: Fifty years after Einstein's paper of 1917 cosmology is in a supremely interesting state.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·1968
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Quasars: Rapid Light Fluctuations: Observed light fluctuations may provide evidence for a recently discussed mechanism for quasars.

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Nature·1951

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Conducting Miller-Urey Experiments
11:10

Conducting Miller-Urey Experiments

Published on: January 21, 2014

A philosophy for big-bang cosmology.

W H McCrea1

  • 1Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex.

Nature
|October 3, 1970
PubMed
Summary

Recent cosmology developments suggest that the universe

Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Theoretical Physics

Background:

  • Current cosmological models are based on observations of the universe.
  • Theories on the universe's origin are diverse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the implications of recent cosmological developments.
  • To provide justification for current cosmological theories.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent developments in theoretical cosmology.
  • Model universe comparisons with observed universe.

Main Results:

  • Model universes are found to resemble the observed universe.
  • This outcome is largely independent of the universe's initial conditions.

Conclusions:

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  • Recent findings support the validity of current cosmological procedures.
  • The convergence of model universes with the observed universe strengthens theoretical frameworks.