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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Measurements of Soil Carbon by Neutron-Gamma Analysis in Static and Scanning Modes
07:51

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Published on: August 24, 2017

First results from the selective chopper radiometer on Nimbus 4.

P J Ellis1, G Peckham, S D Smith

  • 1J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory, University of Reading.

Nature
|October 10, 1970
PubMed
Summary

Nimbus 4

Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric science
  • Remote sensing

Background:

  • Understanding atmospheric temperature profiles is crucial for climate modeling.
  • Satellite-based measurements offer global coverage for atmospheric research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present atmospheric temperature profiles derived from the Nimbus 4 satellite.
  • To demonstrate the capabilities of satellite radiometry for atmospheric studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing data from the radiometer instrument onboard the Nimbus 4 satellite.
  • Analyzing spectral radiance measurements to infer atmospheric temperature.

Main Results:

  • Temperature profiles across different atmospheric layers were successfully obtained.
  • The data provides insights into the vertical temperature structure of the atmosphere.

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Conclusions:

  • Satellite radiometry, as demonstrated by Nimbus 4, is effective for measuring atmospheric temperature.
  • These temperature profiles contribute to a better understanding of atmospheric dynamics and climate.