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Related Concept Videos

Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

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Related Experiment Video

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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13:21

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

Upconversion from aqueous phase lanthanide chelates.

Xudong Xiao1, Jeanne P Haushalter, Gregory W Faris

  • 1Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.

Optics Letters
|August 4, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new lanthanide ion complexes for upconverting luminescent labels. These labels are resistant to autofluorescence and photobleaching, enabling sensitive detection of rare earth elements.

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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Published on: July 21, 2011

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Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies

Published on: January 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Upconverting luminescent labels are crucial for sensitive bioimaging and diagnostics.
  • Existing labels often suffer from autofluorescence and photobleaching, limiting their utility.
  • Lanthanide ion complexes offer potential for novel upconversion properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel lanthanide ion complexes as upconverting luminescent labels.
  • To investigate the resistance of these labels to autofluorescence and photobleaching.
  • To explore two-photon stepwise excitation mechanisms for enhanced sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and characterization of lanthanide ion complexes (Nd, Er, Tm) with multidentate ligands.
  • Measurement of relative luminescent efficiency and excited-state lifetimes.
  • Exploration of two-photon stepwise excitation mechanisms using high peak laser powers (approx. 100 kW).

Main Results:

  • Detection of upconversion emissions from Neodymium (Nd) at 386 nm, Erbium (Er) at 550 nm, and Thulium (Tm) at 480 nm.
  • Successful detection of lanthanide ions at concentrations as low as approximately 10^-12 moles.
  • Demonstrated potential for immune response to autofluorescence and photobleaching.

Conclusions:

  • Novel lanthanide ion complexes show promise as highly sensitive and photostable upconverting luminescent labels.
  • Two-photon stepwise excitation enables sensitive detection of trace amounts of rare earth elements.
  • These findings contribute to the development of advanced labeling technologies for various applications.