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Related Experiment Videos

Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure.

Shanna H Swan1, Katharina M Main, Fan Liu

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York [corrected] USA. shanna_swan@urmc.rochester.edu

Environmental Health Perspectives
|August 5, 2005
PubMed
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Prenatal exposure to certain phthalates is linked to shorter anogenital distance (AGD) and incomplete testicular descent in infant boys. These findings suggest environmental phthalate levels may impact male reproductive development.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Prenatal phthalate exposure is known to affect male rodent reproductive development.
  • Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive marker of androgen action during fetal development.
  • Limited human data exist on the effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on male genital development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between prenatal phthalate exposure and anogenital distance (AGD) in human infants.
  • To examine other genital measurements, including penile volume and testicular descent, in relation to phthalate exposure.
  • To assess the impact of specific phthalate metabolites and cumulative phthalate exposure on male genital development.

Main Methods:

  • Measured AGD and other genital parameters in 134 boys aged 2-36 months.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantified nine phthalate monoester metabolites in prenatal urine samples from 85 participants.
  • Utilized regression analyses to determine the relationship between prenatal phthalate metabolite concentrations and age-adjusted anogenital index (AGI).

    • Main Results:

    • AGD was significantly correlated with penile volume and incomplete testicular descent.
    • Urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were inversely associated with AGI.
    • Higher prenatal exposure to these phthalates, indicated by a phthalate score, was significantly linked to shorter AGI and increased odds of incomplete testicular descent.

    Conclusions:

    • Prenatal exposure to environmental levels of specific phthalates adversely affects male reproductive development in humans.
    • The findings are consistent with rodent studies demonstrating phthalate-induced disruption of male virilization.
    • These results support the hypothesis that phthalate exposure can impact male genital development at levels found in the general population.