HIV disease and pregnancy. Part 1. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and natural history

Women constitute the fastest growing component of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. The majority of women with HIV disease are of reproductive age, and perinatally acquired HIV infection has increased proportionately. The nurse needs knowledge about the unique interactions between HIV infection and pregnancy to provide the complex care required during the perinatal period. An overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of HIV disease focusing on women is presented. The effects of pregnancy on the progression of HIV disease and the effects of HIV disease on pregnancy outcomes are explored.