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Regulatory T cells: development, function and role in autoimmunity.

Ruth Y Lan1, Aftab A Ansari, Zhe-Xiong Lian

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, TB 192, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|August 6, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Regulatory cells, primarily CD4(+) T cells, are vital for self-tolerance. This review explores their development, function, and role in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory cells, predominantly CD4(+) T cells, are critical for maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity.
  • Thymically derived CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells are essential, as their depletion in mice triggers autoimmune diseases.
  • Other regulatory T cell subsets, including Tr1 and Th3, also contribute to immune suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, developmental pathways, and functions of various regulatory T cell types.
  • To elucidate the role of regulatory T cells in the etiology of autoimmune diseases.
  • To summarize the involvement of regulatory T cells in human autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on regulatory T cells.
  • Analysis of studies on thymically derived and conditionally induced regulatory T cells.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of data linking regulatory T cell dysfunction to autoimmune diseases.

    • Main Results:

    • Regulatory T cells are diverse, with distinct developmental and functional profiles.
    • Both naturally occurring and induced regulatory T cells play crucial roles in immune homeostasis.
    • Dysregulation of regulatory T cell function is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding regulatory T cell biology is key to deciphering the loss of self-tolerance.
    • Targeting regulatory T cells may offer therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.
    • Further research into regulatory T cell subsets can illuminate disease mechanisms.