[The first and second levels of care in endodontics]

Review of the literature shows a rather low success rate in root canal treatment. To make a correct diagnosis, to make a correct estimation of the difficulty, to work following 'standard of care' does not always simplify a root canal treatment. Referral to an endodontologist, a dentist with a specific competence and skills in endodontology, can be a solution. However, to establish a strict 'referral protocol' is not obvious. Good communication between first and second line is important to optimize the service to the patient.