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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
Published on: June 23, 2019
Coexistent sarcoidosis and HIV infection: an immunological paradox?
Francisco Aécio Almeida1, Jeffrey S Sager, Glenn Eiger
1Division of Critical Care, Pulmonary, Allergic, and Immunologic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. francisco.almeida@jefferson.edu
Abstract:
The CD4 lymphocyte plays a pivotal role in both sarcoidosis and HIV infection. Caring for a patient with both conditions represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We describe a patient, previously diagnosed with sarcoidosis, who subsequently contracted HIV infection. Manifestations of sarcoidosis were clinically silent until highly active anti-retroviral therapy was instituted. Her condition improved with the institution of corticosteroids. The diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas encountered in patients with both conditions will be discussed including a complete review of the literature.
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