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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement
Published on: September 18, 2021
Subjective memory complaints with and without objective memory impairment: relationship with risk factors for
Nicola T Lautenschlager1, Leon Flicker, Samuel Vasikaran
1School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. nicolal@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
Objective:
The authors investigated the frequency distribution of well-established risk factors for dementia--high plasma homocysteine and the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele (APOE epsilon4)--among older women with subjective memory complaints (SMC) but no cognitive impairment, and with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional, community-based study.
Results:
Women with MCI had higher total plasma homocysteine than healthy-comparison subjects. There was also a nonsignificant excess of APOE epsilon4 carriers in the MCI than in the healthy group. Participants with SMC had higher depression and anxiety scores than healthy-comparison subjects, but did not differ from subjects in the healthy-comparison group in relation to their total plasma homocysteine and APOE epsilon4 distribution.
Conclusions:
MCI seems to be more closely related to well-established risk factors for dementia than is SMC.
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