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Inferring causality in brain images: a perturbation approach
1Brain & Body Centre, University of Nottingham, UK. tomas.paus@nottingham.ac.uk
Summary
This study proposes a 'perturb and measure' approach to infer causality in brain functional connectivity. Combining techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with brain imaging methods allows for a deeper understanding of neural interactions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Systems Neuroscience
Background:
- Neural circuits exhibit coordinated activity when stimulated.
- Understanding cause-and-effect relationships in interregional brain interactions is a key challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and illustrate a 'perturb and measure' methodology for inferring causality in functional connectivity.
- To review the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with brain imaging techniques.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing a 'perturb and measure' strategy.
- Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and electroencephalography (EEG).
Main Results:
- The 'perturb and measure' approach, exemplified by TMS/PET studies, offers a viable method for investigating causal relationships in neural connectivity.
- The review highlights the practical application of combining stimulation and recording techniques.
Conclusions:
- Inferring causality in functional connectivity is achievable through perturbation-based methods.
- Methodological and theoretical challenges remain in studying neural connectivity using perturbation techniques.