Field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of morphology and enzyme distribution within an industrial...

Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used in a technical feasibility study to obtain insight into the internal morphology and the intraparticle enzyme distribution of Assemblase, an industrial biocatalytic particle containing immobilized penicillin-G acylase. The results were compared with previous studies based on light and transmission electron microscopic techniques. The integrated FESEM approach yielded the same quantitative results as the microscopic techniques used previously. Given this technical equivalence, the integrated approach offers several advantages. First, the single preparation method and detection system avoids interpretation discrepancies between corresponding areas that were examined for different properties with different detection techniques in different samples. Second, the specimen size suitable for whole particle study is virtually unlimited, which simplifies sectioning and puts less stringent demands on the embedding technique. Furthermore, the sensitivity toward enzyme presence and distribution increases because the epitopes inside thick sections become available for labeling. Quick and unambiguous analysis of the relation between particle morphology and enzyme distribution is important because this information may be used in the future for the design of enzyme distributions in which the particle morphology can be used as a control parameter.