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Runoff phosphorus losses from surface-applied biosolids.
H A Elliott1, R C Brandt, G A O'Connor
1Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. hae1@psu.edu
Journal of Environmental Quality
|August 11, 2005
Summary
Runoff phosphorus (P) losses vary significantly depending on the P source applied to soil. Biological phosphorus removal (BPR) biosolids and untreated dairy manure showed the highest P runoff, while Al and Fe amendments reduced losses.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Soil Science
- Water Quality
Background:
- Land application of manures and biosolids can lead to phosphorus (P) runoff.
- Understanding P runoff variability from different sources is crucial for environmental protection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare phosphorus (P) levels in runoff from soils amended with various biosolids and dairy manure.
- To investigate the impact of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) amendments on P runoff.
Main Methods:
- Surface application of 10 biosolids and dairy manure (untreated and treated) to soil boxes.
- Simulated rainfall (71 mm/h) applied to collect 30 minutes of runoff.
- Analysis of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and total phosphorus (TP) in runoff.
Main Results:
- Biosolids from biological phosphorus removal (BPR) and untreated dairy manure yielded the highest TDP and TP in runoff.
- P runoff from six biosolids did not significantly differ from the unamended control.
- Runoff P concentrations were linked to P source solubility, particularly low Al and Fe content.
- Al and Fe salt amendments to dairy manure reduced TP in runoff to control levels.
Conclusions:
- The P source's solubility, influenced by Al and Fe content, is a key factor in predicting P runoff.
- Site assessment indices should incorporate the differential solubility of P sources for accurate risk prediction.
- Wastewater treatment methods (e.g., BPR) significantly influence the P runoff potential of biosolids.